Marki Microwave's Tools is a collection of free online applications for RF analysis and synthesis that are easy to use and mobile-friendly. Qucs should include a microstrip open stub element, which will also model fringing effects at the open end of the stub line. A simple square microstrip inset-feed patch antenna with slots for 2. 5, f =1×. 2 Low Impedance; The formulas developed in Section 4. This work was supported in part by the U. A symmetrical stripline is shown in Figure [Math Processing Error] 3. It consists of a quarter-wavelength transmission-line, whose input impedance can be easily calculated using the expression. Quarter wavelength antennas stackSolved 13. Wavelength on microstrip line. Our proposed antenna design is a high gain, bandwidth, very low. 0075e-6 meters. Op-Amp Voltage and Gain Calculator. The dipole object creates a half-wavelength dipole antenna, hence its electrical length is Lambda/2 or 2. 1 (a). A tool designed to calculate skin depth based on the conductive material being used and the frequency of the signal. 6. All About Circuits is the largest online electrical engineering communities in the world with over 700K engineers, who collaborate every day to innovate, design, and create. Stripline Calculator. This can be set to zero, but the calculated loss will not include conductor losses. 1 λ 0). Solution. (2) When the line width (w) of the characteristic impedance (Zo) is calculated. Pasternack's RF Calculators and Conversions section provides engineers valuable and easy-to-use tools ranging from complex mathematical formulas to simple conversions. Instructions are below the calculator and don’t forget we can make and test your controlled impedance printed circuit boards too. This can be achieved by regulating the inner and outer diameter of the coaxial cable, along with the. Pasternack's RF Calculators and Conversions section provides engineers valuable and easy-to-use tools ranging from complex mathematical formulas to simple conversions. Interestingly, for a given geometry model, the delay constant in ns/ft is a function only of the dielectric constant, and not the trace dimensions (see Reference 6). Apr 16, 2021. The length of the dipole is usually one-half of the wavelength of the RF signals. This antenna wavelength calculator can be used to determine the physical length of an antenna’s electromagnetic wave in free space. Three different equal split Wilkinson power dividers are designed to operate near 1800 MHz and constructed using typical microstrip fabrication techniques. 2. Pasternack's RF calculators and conversions section provides engineers valuable and easy-to-use tools ranging from complex mathematical formulas to simple conversions. It can be used to provide maximum power transfer from a source to a load resistance, and it can invert an impedance, e. substrate permittivity :. Gain. 5, determine. where. Reset. Facebook. Formula – band pass filter calculation. Relative Dielectric Constant ( εr ): Track Width: mm. The characteristic impedance (Z o) of a microstrip transmission line can be calculated using the active calculator or the equations at the bottom of the page. The entry unit of frequency can be modified, the output wavelength is calculated in meters. The above formula is to calculate the gain of a parabolic dish antenna where: D = The Diameter of the Parabolic Dish. 4mm PCB. This calculator helps you determine the magnitude of the crosstalk that could occur on a microstrip given its dimensions and source voltage. Note: Units do not matter for this calculation as long as they are consistent. Wavelength Calculator. Step number two is used to find the width of the patch. Using this formula above as an example, at the wavelength at 2. When in doubt, use 1 for copper, . When in doubt, use 1 for copper, . - Tee Attenuator Calculator. It consists of three elements viz. Solution. For example, with microstrip, you can specify the substrate parameters (primarily thickness and dielectric constant) and use Linecalc to calculate the impedance for a given line width; this is the “analysis” mode. Go to our download area and grab a free copy of our TRL calibration calculator spreadsheet, it will automatically calculate the best line lengths for any frequency range. 4, tan ? = 0. so the phase velocity for the wave guided by this line is about c/ 2. Microstrip line is used to carry Electro-Magnetic Waves (EM waves) or microwave frequency signals. When it was introduced the microstrip is very big in size due to this it. Since the length has already been calculated, the only parameter left to calculate is the width of the Zl and Zh transmission lines for the stepped impedance low pass filter. edge coupled microstrip impedance calculator edge coupled stripline impedance calculator edge coupled trace inductance calculator eirp calculator. This tool will also give you the magnitude of the coupled voltage between. Some simple microstrip concepts : 1)Frequency inversely propotional to Wavelength 2)Wavelength in microstrip (medium) < wavelength in air. Then the transverse field is dominant and the fields are called quasi-TEM. h = rfckt. 6) GHz using a Microstrip patch. If the dielectric constant of the material is not known, you can choose to put in the velocity of. Disadvantages include: Limited bandwidth (usually 1 to 5%, but much more is possible with increased complexity. For example, if you wish to input "25000000", just type "25M" instead. The disadvantage of a quarter-wave transformer is that impedance matching is only. 8 pF, Inductance = -17. The Marchand balun was first reported in December 1944 issue of Electronics, titled "Transmission line CONVERSION TRANSFORMERs" (their caps, not ours), by author Nathan Marchand of Federal Radio and. Added period input to Wavelength calculator. 5 inches OUTPUTS: Capacitance = -1. 2. microstrip trace width calculator microstrip wavelength calculator most viewed n way power divider calculator noise figure calculatorThe strip of a microstrip line has a width of (0. 5. 5 Microstrip Line. This calculator will help you calculate the guided wavelength, provided the dimensions of the microstrip are given as well as the velocity of propagation, the microstrip material's dielectric constant, and the input frequency. If you want a thinner microstrip, you need to reduce the substrate height using one of the following solutions: Use a thinner 2-layer PCB, for example 0. Also (20:Omega) line is about six times wider than a (50:Omega) line and so takes up a lot of room and there is a good chance that it could be close to other microstrip lines or perhaps the wall of an enclosure. Following equation or formula is used for directional coupler calculator. By adding the formulas of the dielectric and copper, a similarly simple formula of total attenuation is obtained. In fact, striplines often make components such as band-pass filter's more accurately, with more symmetric roll-off and no lower cutoff frequency. 06 x 10^8 m/s Answer 2. (2) The azimuth and elevation angles are denoted by ϕ and θ, respectively. 3) Characteristic Impedance depends on the ratio of the Width of the line and the Height of the dielectric. Calculate the radiation pattern and input impedance for a half-wavelength dipole at 74. It may have one or multiple directors. 75− −−−√ c / 2. This is a required field. - Free Space Path Loss - Inductive Reactance and Admittance Calculator - Microstrip Patch Antenna Calculator - Wavelength Calculator - RF Power Density and many more. 1 Microstrip Dielectric Mode (Slab Mode) A dielectric on a ground plane with an air region (of a wavelength or more above it) can support a TM mode, generally called a microstrip dielectric mode, substrate mode, microstrip TM mode, or slab mode. 03 Updates & Additions: Added note when solving for conductor width. example. November 1, 2022 738 - Advertisement - A tool designed to calculate the guided wavelength inside a microstrip. For instance, the Wavelength Calculator can be used to determine the length of a Monopole Antenna, while the Skin Depth Calculator is commonly used to determine the metal thickness for Microstrip, Stripline, and CPW transmission lines. In telecommunication, a microstrip antenna (also known as a printed antenna) usually means an antenna fabricated using photolithographic techniques on a printed circuit board (PCB). 6) as: () 2 1 2 + = r fo c W ε (4. Permittivity is what controls the value of a capacitor, beyond its physical dimensions. 81. 1 Top view of Microstrip Patch Antenna The transmission line model described in chapter 3 will be used to design the antenna. Bookmark or "Favorite" this page by pressing CTRL + D. Dielectric Constant Velocity of Propagation Width Height Input Frequency. 6 GHz f Higher-Microstrip = c / ( 4 h ε r − 1) = 10. 38 GHz, whereas antenna reported in [] has the maximum bandwidth of 12. Microstrip lines have three parameters that we can change to achieve 50 ohm impedance: Due to design constraints, there is only one parameter (track width,) left to achieve 50 ohm. e. Fig. Input Zo, and click on [ Synthesis ] button. 4 for 0. L. To. This calculator will help you calculate the guided wavelength, provided the dimensions of the microstrip are given as well as the velocity of propagation, the microstrip material's. This tool will also compute the resistance of the stripline, the voltage drop on it, and the resulting power dissipation. The microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo) and electrical length or vice versa. Enter the values of trace width (w), trace thickness. Normally two equal resistors and two equal capacitors are selected for one bandpass. The higher the value, the larger the loss. A microstrip transmission line consists of a narrow metallic trace separated from a metallic ground plane by a slab of dielectric material, as shown in Figure 7. Click here to go to our stripline calculator. Microstrip Patch Antennas (or simply patch antenna) are increasingly useful because the antenna is printed directly onto a circuit board. 3) (4. This tool is designed to calculate the inductance introduced by an edge-coupled trace. 6: Microstrip Design Formulas. A microstrip width calculator can calculate the width of a microstrip. 2 dB per wavelength, dielectric losses are around 0. TEM wavelength is the distance between two adjacent peaks or troughs of adjacent cycles of the TEM wave. Good TL does not depends on frequency unless you specifically need to get some length (quoter wave or certain length for resonator, etc). The guided wavelength of a microstrip line can be given by equation 1, where λ 0 is the free space wavelength at operation frequency and ε re is the effective dielectric constant: The associated propagation constant (β) and phase velocity (v p ) can be given by equations 2 and 3, respectively, where c is the velocity of light in the free space. 1) Equivalent electric and magnetic surface current densities of a dipole antennaIt covers microstrip based DCS band design example of mobile patch antenna. Data safety. For example for a frequency of 300MHz with a wavelength 1 metre, 0. 2 (t / h) 2 for W/h > 1. The best isolation results when a picket-fence of vias surrounds each transmission line, spaced at less than 1/4 wavelength. 5 GHz. 405 Using Kuroda identity to convert S. Coaxial Cable Impedance Calculator. Useful converters and calculators. The calculator requires you to input any two of the following three parameters: wave speed, frequency (or wave period) and wavelength. Everything RF has a page dedicated to calculators for RF applications. Each Port is matched to the characteristic impedance Z 0 of the single, isolated microstrip transmission line. 5 ext{ mm}), and the microstrip substrate is (1 ext{ mm}) thick and has a relative permittivity of (9) and relative permeability of (1). = 1. 417*lambda). Example. This is the online directional coupler calculator that calculates the coupling (dB), coupling loss(dB), insertion loss (dB), and directivity (dB) of a directional coupler by entering the value of input power P1 (dBm/Watt(s)), output power. Microstrip Wavelength Calculator A tool designed to calculate the guided wavelength inside a microstrip. Microstrip Width Calculator A microstrip width calculator can calculate the width of a microstrip. For example, if you wish to input "25000000", just type "25M" instead. 34 RF / Microwave Design - Line Types and Impedance (Zo) Coplanar Waveguide)‘b’ should be less than λ/2 for best performance. Wavelength Calculator. Return Loss to VSWR. Problem 2. Determine the length of a stub that implements a 2. Where, D = Antenna dimensions (Can be the length or diameter of the antenna) f = Signal Frequency. Wavelength calculator ; Calculates the wavelength of a signal using Ereff. One half-wavelength resonator of the high-frequency (f 2) signal path also provides port coupling function for the low-frequency (f 1. An embedded microstrip can be constructed using a microstrip with a solder mask. 4. 43. Version 2. In fact, striplines often make components such as band-pass filter's more accurately, with more symmetric roll-off and no lower cutoff frequency. Their low profile design, often square or rectangular, allows them to be mounted to flat surfaces. Version 7. PathWave Advanced Design System (ADS) Background. Press Analyze to see the results. If ‘ε 0. Reference: R. 2 Sine Wave Characteristics. Here, = resistivity at copper. Design of Ultra-Wideband ring patch antenna with a band notch is presented in this study. 1 High Impedance; 4. 5 + 1) / 2 = 2. Example (PageIndex{2}): Wavelength and phase velocity in microstrip in FR4 printed circuit boards; A microstrip transmission line consists of a narrow metallic trace separated from a metallic ground plane by a slab of dielectric material, as shown in Figure (PageIndex{1}). The size of a microstrip antenna is inversely proportional to its frequency. Their low profile design, often square or rectangular, allows them to be mounted to flat surfaces. Additional benefits of patch antennas is that they are easily fabricated making them cost effective. Microwave couplers are devices which divert a fraction of the signal on one transmission line to another transmission line. If the reflection coefficient (Γ) is known, then the VSWR. Quater-wavelength in meters: 71. 946 for. A better estimate of the frequency where the higher-order microstrip mode becomes a problem is given by Equation (4. Slotline, which may be used by itself or in association with microstrip, consists of a narrow slot or gap in a thin conductive layer on one side of a dielectric substrate of fairly high permittivity. 4 GHz of WLAN applications is presented. The length of the dipole is usually one-half of the wavelength of the RF signals. Where L is the length of the dipoles. dBm To Watt Calculator. The wavelength is given by the formula: λ = v / f where λ is the wavelength, v is the speed of light in the medium, and f is the frequency of the signal. VSWR to Return Loss. To realise the tri-mode BPF performance, the multimode stepped-impedance resonator is introduced and parallel coupled to both the balanced and the unbalanced ports. The microstrip patch is designed so its pattern maximum is normal to the patch (broadside radiator). There is also a dielectric material placed above the conductor. Microstrip lines are used to convey microwave -frequency signals. Where f = frequency, T = time. A 90° transmission line shorted at the far end acts like a parallel LC tank circuit. 3. 71. 3): fHigher-Microstrip = c/(4h εr − 1− −−−−√) = 10. Where L is the length of the dipoles. 1. The electrical length is converted to a length represented by degrees using a ratio of the electrical length relative to one wavelength, with one wavelength representing 360 degrees. t pd =𝟏/𝐯Ideally, it should resonate and produce a deep null in the insertion loss graph, exactly at 1/4 wavelength, which is $ f = frac{v}{4l} $. You may use the formula: Wavelength = c/f, where: c - The speed of light equal to 299,792,458 m/s; and; f - The frequency of the antenna. Waveguide will routinely be 10X better than this benchmark! For stripline and microstrip, the attenuation factor always decreases when characteristic impedance is reduced. This calculator computes the trace width of a stripline if the maximum current, trace thickness, temperature rise, ambient temperature and length are given. Stripline can be used to route RF signals across each other quite easily when offset stripline is used. Loss of a CPW line is primarily due to dielectric, radiative, and conductor losses. For example, if you wish to input "25000000", just type "25M" instead. Do all your RF calculations using this application. 04 in the ε eff. Linkedin. The specifications are: cutoff frequency=4GHz of impedance of 50 ohm. WILKINSON POWER DIVIDER CALCULATOR. With specific circuit designs, the calculator also predicts other properties such as wavelength in the circuit, skin depth and thermal rise above ambient. Free space Wavelength λ [mm] Length of Monopole λ/4 [mm] Diameter of Monopole [mm] 802. Wavelength in microstrip line. T= Experimental temperature. The wavelength, antenna length, and frequency depend on each other during antenna work. 2. As the name suggests, the length of this transmission line if fixed at a quarter of the wavelength (λ/4). The twisted pair helps create a more uniform inductance and capacitance per unit length of wire to ensure a constant impedance, by keeping the return path as close to the signal as possible. 542 mm, a substrate height of 1. This option is only available when signal risetime is the selected input method and only affects the IPC-2251 calculator. Ali M. 13mm (depends on manufacturer's specs) and you get a trace width of ~0. Waveguide Calculator (Circular) This tool calculates the cutoff frequency of a circular waveguide Scroll to continue. Clearly show the electric and magnetic walls in the model. Print - Advertisement - A tool designed to calculate the. The measured bandwidth one of the bands of antenna reported in [] has the minimum bandwidth of 0. The phase is mostly + 90 ∘ or − 90 ∘, indicating that Zin is mostly reactive. When in doubt, use 1 for copper, . The width of the conducting layer is important to calculate the radiation intensity since it directly affects. λ = Wavelength. The Wavelength in Microstrip/Stripline Calculator can be utilized to determine the guided wavelength. Reflow soldering uses hot air, while wave soldering uses a 'wave' of solder to mass-produce PCBs. So two estimates have been calculated for the frequency at which the first higher-order. h (substrate high) : unit. 23. Stripline Crosstalk Calculator This tool is designed to calculate cross-talk coefficient and coupled voltage for a. 7 between manufacturers [1]. Helical Antenna Design Calculator. November 1, 2022. Assume microstrip line for which propagation occurs with wavelength 60% that of free space. 5 / frequency in MHz. 4 ±0. For this reason, trace width is important in the design of striplines. This line consists of a metal-backed substrate of relative permittivity (varepsilon_{r}) on top of which is a metal strip. b) The characteristic impedance of the line. One half-wavelength resonator of the high-frequency (f 2) signal path also provides port coupling function for the low-frequency (f 1. EEWeb offers a free online twisted pair impedance (transmission line) calculator. Based on the below fig, the formula for calculating the radius of each Fresnel Zone (1,2,3,. Consequently, the antenna gain is reduced, but the patch antenna maintains the same basic properties as a half-wavelength patch, but is reduced in size 50%. Then, multiply the values of L and l by 0. 3 Summary. Frequency. dBm to Watt converter Stripline Impedance calculator Microstrip line impedance Antenna G/T Noise temp. = c/frequency, where c= 3 x. 3. Height: Height of the substrate. 3. 11. Minor dialog box cleanup. Track Thickness: mm. Coupling to Direct Line Insertion Loss Conversion Table for Directional Couplers. Output Power Ratio (PA/ PB) Calculate. google_logo Play. (a) Top View of Patch Antenna (b) Side View of Microstrip Antennatransmission line types. 6, June 1991, by Goldfarb and Pucel. A microstrip line is shown in Figure (PageIndex{1})(a). Coupler Fundamentals. Rho: Conductor resistivity relative to copper. , particular design). Using data given in Table 3. - Generally, dielectric constant Dk,. 71 Ω. Description. Easy to form a large array, spaced at half-wavelength or less. 045 dB per wavelength for a 50 : line on a 10 mil substrate with Hr=2. Result. Additionally, the distributed element design has extra length due to the added microstrip tees, which were not shown in the geometry shown in Figure 7. This tool will also compute the resistance of the microstrip, the voltage drop, and the power. 1) describes the series connection of short- and open-circuited stubs having characteristic impedances of Z 0 / 2 and half the original electrical length. When use the calculator, put values in the velocity of propagation field and the dielectric constant field. I am trying to calculate the wavelength on microstrip transmission lines. 2 enable the electrical characteristics to be determined given the material properties and. a (Waveguide width): : To minimize its dimension of the half-wavelength filter, it required a hairpin microstrip line structure. A microstrip line is shown in Figure (PageIndex{1})(a). The coupled microstrip line with non-symmetrical fixed metallization thickness was discussed in [5]. Version 7. 75; i. ). Note that this defines. 4. A 100 GHz frequency window can be measured in less than 25 milliseconds, resulting in a measurement update rate of 40 Hz. A microstrip is a type of transmission line in which a strip of a conducting material like copper is mounted on a. Low power handling. 1. The calculations are. On our example FR-4 PCB operating at 6 GHz, a wavelength may be calculated from the well known formula as, Where F = MHz, λ (wavelength) = meters, Er = 4. 2)The equivalent wavelength may be calculated using S-parameters, and known distance between ports. Single-stub matching is a very common method for impedance matching using microstrip lines at frequences in the UHF band (300-3000 MHz) and above. A quarter-wave impedance transformer is a useful and simple matching network that is used to match the impedance of a terminating load (Z L) to the characteristic impedance of a feeding transmission-line (Z 0) . The next step is to design the dimensions of the individual microstrip lines connecting the directional coupler using Table 5. The patch antenna is designed for 2. TX-LINE software is a free and easy-to-use Windows-based interactive transmission line calculator for the analysis and synthesis of transmission line structures. The Microstrip Open-Stub EIT Resonator Design. 1. This is a natural way to. A microstrip line with (Z_{0} < 20:Omega) will be wide and there is a possibility of multimoding due to transverse resonance. See moreAnalyze. 11 quarter-wavelength antennas are used to Transformer antenna transmission microstrip wavelength impedanceAntenna dipole calculator formula seems seen come his original. The microstrip impedance calculator shown above uses Wadell’s equations for microstrip impedance, which can be found in the seminal textbook Transmission Line Design Handbook. 9419 GHz. These equations are relatively simple compared to other transmission line geometries, comprising only 2 interrelated equations for the microstrip impedance and. RF calculations and RF conversions include metric. T. 3. third of operation wavelength (λ/3) above ground plane which cause to gain increase. This frequency to wavelength calculator helps you determine the wavelength of a waveform based on the frequency. Additional benefits of patch antennas is that they are easily fabricated making them cost effective. Once you input two parameters, the calculator will calculate the remaining one and display the result. This is a required field. A certain microstrip line has fused quartz (ϵr = 3. INPUT DATA. Er. f - Frequency. All About Circuits is the largest online electrical engineering communities in the world with over 700K engineers, who collaborate every day to innovate, design, and create. VSWR to Return Loss. To calculate PCB trace resistance, The 50 ohm PCB trace calculator is designed considering the following formula. )Stripline has Better EMI Characteristics. Wu Components –lumped inductors and capacitors Design of capacitors Interdigital capacitorThe earliest and most common microstrip antenna is the rectangular printed patch. 998 × 10 8) G = Antenna gain (Linear value) The effective antenna aperture can be calculated by the following formula when the gain of the antenna is specified in dB (decibels). 2uS. All About Circuits is the largest online electrical engineering communities in the world with over 700K engineers, who collaborate every day to innovate, design, and create. Microstrip Calculator; Reactance Calculator; Percent Bandwidth; Resonant Frequency Calculator ; Skin Depth Calculator; Stripline Calculator; VSWR Calculator; Unequal. The waveguide width determines the lower cutoff frequency and is equal (ideally) to ½ wavelength of the lower cutoff frequency. 6. microstrip (Name,Value) sets properties using one or more name-value pairs. From what I have understand I should use the following relationship: l = c/(f ∗ (√ Er)) l = c / ( f ∗ ( E r)) where Er is the dielectric constant of the material I use (Rogers 4350B), c is the constant value for the speed of light and. 34 RF / Microwave Design - Line Types and Impedance (Zo) Coplanar Waveguide)‘b’ should be less than λ/2 for best performance. 92. Enter F and F (GHz) Metric (millimeters) English (inches) Advertisement. High-speed PCBs operate in the range of. Following is the list of useful converters and calculators. Let the maximum frequency in an analog signal be 𝐟 𝐦 Hz and 𝐯 be the signal speed, then,. Pasternack waveguides are structures for guiding electromagnetic waves, often called a waveguide transmission line. A quarter wave transformer is used to match two transmission lines with different impedances. 5. Unit Converters. Permittivity is a property which is associated with how much electrical charge a material can store in a given volume. 4 GHz which is applicable to. Our waveguides are low loss transmission lines capable of handling high power with high isolation. The purpose of this study is to improve antenna performance, such as gain, directivity, S11, and bandwidth. 9 A lossless microstrip line uses a 1-mm–wide conducting strip over a 1-cm–thick substrate with εr =2. Rho: Conductor resistivity relative to copper. Height: Height of the substrate. The width “W” and Length “L” of. 3) Microstrip background Microstrip transmission lines are commonly used to build power dividers among other devices, becauseDescription. everything RF has created a series of RF calculators to help engineers and students with common calculations that they need to conduct frequently. "1/4 wavelength". Fringing Fields for Microstrip Antennas. h = rfckt. The characteristic impedance of the quarter-wave transformer is calculated as Z1 = √(Z0 ZL) [1]. If you want a thinner microstrip, you need to reduce the substrate height using one of the following solutions: Use a thinner 2-layer PCB, for example 0. You can also specify the substrate and the characteristic impedance, and have Linecalc determine theThe impedance of that middle section can actually look very reactive as the length of the spacing between the grounding vias exceeds 1/8th of a wavelength. Quarter Wave Transformer Impedance Calculator. , radius of the sphere) The gain (G) of the practical antenna represents the maximum radiation intensity in a given direction (or absorbs incident power from that direction. 28. They consist of a conductor fabricated on the dielectric substrate of permittivity ‘𝜀r’ with a grounded plane. This is a commonly used transmission line, as it can be cheaply fabricated using printed circuit board techniques. W is the width of the microstrip trace. Ls =. At this stage the widths and spacings of the microstrip circuit are normalized. Coplanar Waveguide With Ground Characteristic Impedance Calculator. 300 mm (~one foot) is one nanosecond delay in free space, and is one wavelength (360 degrees) at 1 GHz. 1. The intensity B of the magnetic field of a solenoid composed of coils wound in air (that is, without a ferromagnetic core) can be calculated using the following formula: where: μ 0 = 4Π x 10 -7 H/m is the magnetic constant (vacuum permeability) N is the number of turns. These equations. - Bridged Tee Attenuator Calculator. 4 (b), the cut-off or critical frequency, [Math Processing Error] f c. 7. Microstrip Max Current Calculator. Figure 3. The electrical length is represented by the phase shift in degrees. The TEM wavelength is denoted by the lambda (λ), and the unit of the TEM wavelength is usually represented. Use a 4-layer board so you can achieve h ~= 0. 5. Waveguides are. The entry unit of frequency can be modified, the output wavelength is calculated in meters. The Farad is named after Michael Faraday. Coplanar Waveguide Calculator. The microstrip coupling lines provide the input/output coupling and its strength are determined by the gap width and length (S 2, L 2 and S 3, L 8). 0075e-6) creates a microstrip transmission line with thickness of 0. )Stripline has Better Immunity to Crosstalk.